The vocabulary of AI detection

Photo Response Non-Uniformity — the unique sensor noise fingerprint every camera leaves on its photos.

Fast Fourier Transform — converts an image to the frequency domain where AI models leave detectable signatures.

Exchangeable Image File Format — metadata embedded in photos that records camera, lens, exposure, GPS and more.

Google's invisible watermark embedded in images and text generated by their AI models.

Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity — a metadata standard that records how an image was created and edited.

A pattern unique to a specific generative model that detectors use to identify the source generator.

A measure of how predictable text is to a language model — low perplexity is a strong AI signal.

The variance in sentence length and structure — human writing is bursty, AI writing is uniform.

An imperceptible signal embedded in AI-generated content to identify it as synthetic.

The process of modifying AI-generated content so it passes detectors as human-created.